Under The Paris Agreement, countries agreed to submit future plans for mitigation and adaptation. These are:
- NDCs - nationally determined contributions
Outlining each country’s climate plan. All countries submit those - NAPs - national adaptation plans
Outlining medium and long-term needs of a country for adapting to climate change and a strategy to achieve this, providing important guidance on where investment is needed. Developing countries may submit those.
N.B. these are different from NAPAs - National Adaptation Programmes of Action - LTS - long term strategies
Countries are encouraged to have national plans for reducing GHGs in the long-term.
NDCs
Signing the Paris Agreement commits every country to submitting an NDC - a Nationally Determined Contribution. Each country's NDC covers the period 2020-2030 and outlines:
a) how climate change will be addressed and more ambitious targets will be achieved
b) what steps will be taken to increase resilience to climate change
In 2023, there will be an official Global Stocktake to see how existing NDCs measure against the goals to limit global warming to 2°C or 1.5°C.
Signing the Paris Agreement commits every country to submitting an NDC - a Nationally Determined Contribution. Each country's NDC covers the period 2020-2030 and outlines:
a) how climate change will be addressed and more ambitious targets will be achieved
b) what steps will be taken to increase resilience to climate change
In 2023, there will be an official Global Stocktake to see how existing NDCs measure against the goals to limit global warming to 2°C or 1.5°C.
The NDC framework
Each climate plan reflects the country’s ambition for reducing GHG emissions and adapting to climate change, taking into account its domestic circumstances and capabilities. The rules are different for developed and developing countries. Guidance helps countries to enhance their NDCs, to raise ambition on mitigation and adaptation, and to share good practice. Other important aspects are ensuring that NDCs are communicated transparently, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address financing issues. Find out more about NDCs on the UNFCCC website.
Compliance
At Paris, it was decided that instead of enforcing compliance, there would be a transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive committee to promote compliance. The committee will report annually to the COP and each country will be asked to make its NDC more ambitious every five years.
The NDC Partnership
This is an alliance of 104 countries and 35 international institutions that aims to help developing countries put their NDCs together. The partnership launched a Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP) to provide financial and technical support and a knowledge base. Over 60 developing countries are being helped to submit their NDCs and to comply with the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). See the latest in the 2019 NDC Partnership Action Report.
Progress
By early 2021, 190 countries had submitted an NDC to the UN, where they are kept in The NDC Registry. Eight of those were a second more ambitious NDC and 63 had strengthened an existing NDC. This process by which NDCs are made more ambitious with time is the ‘ratcheting up’ process. The pandemic and postponement of COP26 have led to a delay, but it is hoped that further countries will submit more ambitious NDCs by 2021.
The 2019 Report on NDCs showed that countries are on a trajectory to low-emission, climate-resilient societies. Despite this progress, the 2020 UNEP annual Emissions Gap Report concluded that NDC plans were still insufficient to achieve 2°, never mind the less risky 1.5°. The announcement by China to be carbon neutral by 2060 and by 139 other countries to do so by 2050 is very welcome - but these ambitions are long-term and they need to be translated into stronger NDC plans for the period 2020-2030, to put those countries on the right trajectory.
Each climate plan reflects the country’s ambition for reducing GHG emissions and adapting to climate change, taking into account its domestic circumstances and capabilities. The rules are different for developed and developing countries. Guidance helps countries to enhance their NDCs, to raise ambition on mitigation and adaptation, and to share good practice. Other important aspects are ensuring that NDCs are communicated transparently, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address financing issues. Find out more about NDCs on the UNFCCC website.
Compliance
At Paris, it was decided that instead of enforcing compliance, there would be a transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive committee to promote compliance. The committee will report annually to the COP and each country will be asked to make its NDC more ambitious every five years.
The NDC Partnership
This is an alliance of 104 countries and 35 international institutions that aims to help developing countries put their NDCs together. The partnership launched a Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP) to provide financial and technical support and a knowledge base. Over 60 developing countries are being helped to submit their NDCs and to comply with the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). See the latest in the 2019 NDC Partnership Action Report.
Progress
By early 2021, 190 countries had submitted an NDC to the UN, where they are kept in The NDC Registry. Eight of those were a second more ambitious NDC and 63 had strengthened an existing NDC. This process by which NDCs are made more ambitious with time is the ‘ratcheting up’ process. The pandemic and postponement of COP26 have led to a delay, but it is hoped that further countries will submit more ambitious NDCs by 2021.
The 2019 Report on NDCs showed that countries are on a trajectory to low-emission, climate-resilient societies. Despite this progress, the 2020 UNEP annual Emissions Gap Report concluded that NDC plans were still insufficient to achieve 2°, never mind the less risky 1.5°. The announcement by China to be carbon neutral by 2060 and by 139 other countries to do so by 2050 is very welcome - but these ambitions are long-term and they need to be translated into stronger NDC plans for the period 2020-2030, to put those countries on the right trajectory.
NAPs
A National Adaptation Plan outlines the medium and long-term needs of a country for adapting to climate change and puts in place a strategy to achieve this. Having a plan ensures that countries understand the challenges and helps to attract finance and other resources to where it is needed. All developing countries can submit an NAP and be eligible for help. The decision to set up an NAP Registry was taken at Cancun COP 16 2010. Since then, 20 developing countries have submitted an NAP. Find out more from NAP Central.
NAPs should not be confused with NAPAs (National Adaptation Programmes of Action). NAPAs were set up at COP 7, Marrakech 2001 to help LDCs (Least Developed Countries) identify what adaptation work is needed to address existing climate change threats. Priority areas are agriculture and food security, water resources, coastal zones, and early warning & disaster management. Submitting an NAPA makes a country eligible for funding from the Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF), managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Also, best practice is shared through the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG). Once current priorities identified in NAPAs have been addressed, countries should consider the longer term threats by drawing up an NAP. 51 countries have submitted NAPAs - see NAPAs received by the UN.
A National Adaptation Plan outlines the medium and long-term needs of a country for adapting to climate change and puts in place a strategy to achieve this. Having a plan ensures that countries understand the challenges and helps to attract finance and other resources to where it is needed. All developing countries can submit an NAP and be eligible for help. The decision to set up an NAP Registry was taken at Cancun COP 16 2010. Since then, 20 developing countries have submitted an NAP. Find out more from NAP Central.
NAPs should not be confused with NAPAs (National Adaptation Programmes of Action). NAPAs were set up at COP 7, Marrakech 2001 to help LDCs (Least Developed Countries) identify what adaptation work is needed to address existing climate change threats. Priority areas are agriculture and food security, water resources, coastal zones, and early warning & disaster management. Submitting an NAPA makes a country eligible for funding from the Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF), managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Also, best practice is shared through the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG). Once current priorities identified in NAPAs have been addressed, countries should consider the longer term threats by drawing up an NAP. 51 countries have submitted NAPAs - see NAPAs received by the UN.
FURTHER INFORMATION
NDC Registry
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/Pages/Home.aspx
NAP Registry
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Pages/national-adaptation-plans.aspx
Long Term Strategies (LTS)
https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/long-term-strategies
UNFCCC
more information about NDCs
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs
NDC Partnership's 2019 Action Report
http://www.ndcpartnership.report/
latest NDC submissions
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/Pages/Home.aspx
2019 Report on NDCs, UNFCCC
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Climate_Action_Support_Trends_2019.pdf
UNEP's annual Emissions Gap Report 2020
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34438/EGR20ESE.pdf?sequence=8
NAP Central
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Pages/FAQ.aspx
National Adaptation Programmes of Action - NAPAs
https://unfccc.int/topics/resilience/workstreams/national-adaptation-programmes-of-action/introduction
NAPAs received by UN
https://unfccc.int/topics/resilience/workstreams/national-adaptation-programmes-of-action/napas-received
NDC Registry
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/Pages/Home.aspx
NAP Registry
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Pages/national-adaptation-plans.aspx
Long Term Strategies (LTS)
https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/long-term-strategies
UNFCCC
more information about NDCs
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs
NDC Partnership's 2019 Action Report
http://www.ndcpartnership.report/
latest NDC submissions
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/Pages/Home.aspx
2019 Report on NDCs, UNFCCC
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Climate_Action_Support_Trends_2019.pdf
UNEP's annual Emissions Gap Report 2020
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34438/EGR20ESE.pdf?sequence=8
NAP Central
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Pages/FAQ.aspx
National Adaptation Programmes of Action - NAPAs
https://unfccc.int/topics/resilience/workstreams/national-adaptation-programmes-of-action/introduction
NAPAs received by UN
https://unfccc.int/topics/resilience/workstreams/national-adaptation-programmes-of-action/napas-received
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